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Licence to Assign and Underlet

Property Law and Practice · SQE1-style single best answer

A buyer is taking an assignment of a lease of a workshop. The draft licence to assign requires the buyer to covenant with the landlord that it will observe and perform the tenant covenants of the lease, and to confirm that it has inspected the premises and takes them as they are. The buyer's director asks why the buyer is being made to promise the landlord anything, when the lease will bind it the moment the assignment completes.

What is the purpose of the direct covenants the buyer is being asked to give?

  1. AOption A. Incorrect answer. They transfer the seller's liability under the lease to the buyer, which the deed of assignment alone cannot do.
  2. BOption B. Correct answer. They give the landlord a contractual claim against the buyer in addition to the one the lease gives.Correct
  3. COption C. Incorrect answer. They are required by statute on the assignment of any lease granted on or after 1996.
  4. DOption D. Incorrect answer. They replace the lease covenants with a fresh set agreed between the landlord and the buyer.
  5. EOption E. Incorrect answer. They keep the buyer liable for the whole term, however often the lease is assigned afterwards.

Why

The correct answer is B. The burden of the tenant covenants does pass to the buyer on the assignment (Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995, s.3), so the director is not wrong about the lease. The direct covenants give the landlord something additional: a claim against the buyer under the licence itself, on terms the landlord has chosen, which does not depend on the lease. The confirmation of inspection does related work, heading off any later suggestion that the buyer took the premises on the strength of something the landlord said about their condition. There is one limit on a new tenancy: a direct covenant cannot keep the buyer liable after it has itself lawfully assigned, because s.25 avoids anything that would frustrate the release the Act gives it. On an old lease, direct covenants from each successive assignee were the landlord's normal way of building a chain of liability for the whole term.

A is incorrect because liability is not transferred by covenant; the burden of the tenant covenants passes on the assignment itself. C is incorrect because nothing requires direct covenants; they are a matter of bargain, taken because the landlord wants them. D is incorrect because the lease covenants remain exactly what they are; the licence covenants sit alongside them. E is incorrect because on a new tenancy a covenant purporting to do that is void so far as it would frustrate the buyer's own statutory release.

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