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LSFLK1 · 6 topics

SQE1 Legal System.

Legal system of England and Wales, constitutional and administrative law, and EU law.

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All 6 topics in Legal System

SRA-aligned
  1. 01

    Courts and the Judiciary

    Court hierarchy, jurisdiction, judicial roles, and legal personnel

    Free
  2. 02

    Doctrine of Precedent

    Stare decisis, ratio decidendi, binding and persuasive authority, and how precedent operates in the court hierarchy

  3. 03

    Primary Legislation

    Parliamentary sovereignty, the legislative process, delegated legislation, EU retained law, and the Human Rights Act 1998

  4. 04

    Statutory Interpretation

    Rules and approaches to interpreting statutes, aids to interpretation, and presumptions

  5. 05

    Judicial Review

    The supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court: which decisions can be challenged, standing, time limits, procedure, the four grounds of review, and remedies

  6. 06

    Constitutional Foundations

    The Crown and central government, constitutional conventions, the royal prerogative and its control by the courts, parliamentary privilege, and public order law

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4 sample LS questions

Real SBA questions from the Legal System bank, with the full explanation. The paid bank covers all 6 topics and difficulty levels.

A woman paid a builder £9,000 to refit her bathroom. He stripped out the old fittings, took the money and never came back. A second builder has quoted £8,500 to finish the work properly, and she also wants the £150 of pay she lost while waiting at home for the first builder to arrive. Nobody has been injured. The dispute is about what the two of them agreed and what was actually done, and a trial is expected to take half a day. The woman has been told that anything to do with building work is treated as a complex case, and she is afraid of having to pay the builder's legal costs if she loses.

Is the woman's claim likely to be allocated to the small claims track?

  1. Yes, because the claim is worth less than £10,000 and no injury is claimed. Correct
  2. Yes, because the claim is worth less than £25,000 and the claimant is an individual.
  3. No, because the sum claimed exceeds the £5,000 limit for contract claims.
  4. No, because a dispute about building work is allocated to the multi-track as complex.
  5. No, because a claim of this size is allocated to the fast track.
Why: The correct answer is A. The small claims track is the normal track for a claim worth no more than £10,000, provided it is not a claim for personal injury, where the limit is lower. The woman claims £8,650 in all, no injury is alleged, the issues are the ordinary ones of what was agreed and what was done, and the trial will be short — so the claim belongs on the small claims track, where costs recovery is limited and the risk she is worried about is small. B is incorrect because £25,000 marks the top of the fast track, not the small claims limit, and it makes no difference whether the claimant is an individual or a business. C is incorrect because there is no £5,000 limit for contract claims; £5,000 is the limit for a personal injury claim arising from a road traffic accident. D is incorrect because a claim can be allocated to a higher track if it is genuinely complex, but the subject matter of building work does not by itself make it so. E is incorrect because the fast track begins where the small claims track ends, at £10,000.

A man has been convicted in the magistrates' court of two offences committed a fortnight apart: common assault, and criminal damage to a fence valued at £800. Neither offence can be tried in the Crown Court. The magistrates say that because these were separate incidents they intend to impose a sentence of imprisonment for each offence, to run consecutively.

What is the longest total sentence of imprisonment that the court may impose on the man?

  1. Six months, that being the aggregate limit for consecutive sentences of this kind. Correct
  2. Nine months, being six months for the assault and three for the damage.
  3. Twelve months, because a separate sentence may be passed for each of the offences.
  4. Twelve months, that being the limit since the magistrates' powers were increased.
  5. Six months for each offence, giving a total of twelve months.
Why: The correct answer is A. Each of these offences can be tried only in the magistrates' court: common assault carries a maximum of six months, and criminal damage where the value does not exceed £5,000 carries three months under s.33 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980. Where a magistrates' court passes consecutive terms for offences of this kind, s.133(1) of the same Act caps the aggregate at six months, so six months is the most the man can receive however the sentences are structured. B is incorrect because the individual maxima do add up to nine months, but the statutory cap on the aggregate cuts that back to six. C is incorrect because the power to pass a sentence for each offence does not displace the limit on the total. D is incorrect because the twelve-month aggregate applies only where two or more either-way offences are tried summarily, and the increase in magistrates' powers on 18 November 2024 raised the limit for a single either-way offence to twelve months; neither offence here is triable either way. E is incorrect because six months on each offence, served consecutively, would come to twice the permitted aggregate.

A woman has been dismissed from a job she had held for four years, for misconduct she says she was never told about. She was given no meeting before the decision was taken, and she was not paid the four weeks' notice her contract required. She wants the dismissal declared unfair and she wants compensation. She has no savings, cannot afford to instruct a solicitor for a hearing, and a neighbour has told her that she will have to pay her former employer's legal bill if she loses.

Is an employment tribunal the more appropriate forum for the woman's claims?

  1. Yes, because it specialises in such claims and rarely orders a losing party to pay costs. Correct
  2. Yes, because a party who loses a claim in a tribunal can never be ordered to pay costs.
  3. No, because a claim of this kind has to be brought in the County Court.
  4. No, because she could not present a claim to a tribunal without being represented.
  5. No, because a tribunal can order her employer to take her back but cannot award compensation.
Why: The correct answer is A. Employment tribunals are specialist bodies: an employment judge, sitting alone or with lay members drawn from employer and employee backgrounds, hears claims of this kind. They are quicker and less formal than the courts, parties commonly appear without representation, and a costs order against a losing party is exceptional rather than the norm — so the neighbour's warning is misplaced. Unfair dismissal is a statutory claim under the Employment Rights Act 1996 which is brought in the tribunal, and the tribunal can also deal with her claim for the notice pay owed under her contract, because that claim arises on the termination of her employment. B is incorrect because a costs order can be made, for example where a party has acted vexatiously or unreasonably or has brought a claim with no reasonable prospect of success, so the protection is not absolute. C is incorrect because a complaint of unfair dismissal is presented to an employment tribunal; the County Court hears contractual claims such as wrongful dismissal, but it cannot decide whether a dismissal was unfair. D is incorrect because there is no requirement to be represented before a tribunal, and the informality that allows a claimant to present her own case is one of its advantages. E is incorrect because reinstatement and re-engagement are available but rare; compensation, made up of a basic award and a compensatory award, is the usual remedy.

A man's house purchase was handled from start to finish by a chartered legal executive. He has since discovered that she knew for three weeks that the seller had withdrawn and said nothing, leaving him to give notice on his rented flat and pay for a removal van. He has complained to her firm, which replied that she had done nothing wrong, and he now wants her conduct investigated by whoever is responsible for disciplining her. A neighbour tells him that anyone doing conveyancing answers to the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

To which body should the man direct his complaint about her conduct?

  1. The Solicitors Regulation Authority, because it regulates everyone who carries out conveyancing work.
  2. The Law Society, because it is the professional body to which all lawyers belong.
  3. The Bar Standards Board, because it regulates lawyers who have not qualified as solicitors.
  4. The Legal Services Board, because it handles complaints about the conduct of individual lawyers.
  5. CILEx Regulation, because it is the regulator of chartered legal executives. Correct
Why: The correct answer is E. Each branch of the profession has its own regulator: the Solicitors Regulation Authority regulates solicitors, the Bar Standards Board regulates barristers, and CILEx Regulation regulates chartered legal executives. A complaint about the conduct of a chartered legal executive therefore goes to CILEx Regulation, whatever kind of work she happened to be doing. (Had the complaint been about the standard of service rather than her professional conduct, it would go first to the firm and then to the Legal Ombudsman.) A is incorrect because the Solicitors Regulation Authority regulates solicitors and the firms it authorises; the type of work being done does not decide who the regulator is. B is incorrect because the Law Society is the professional body that represents solicitors rather than a regulator, and it does not represent legal executives at all. C is incorrect because the Bar Standards Board regulates barristers only. D is incorrect because the Legal Services Board is the oversight regulator: it supervises the approved regulators and does not investigate complaints about individual lawyers.
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Common questions

Legal System FAQs

Legal system of England and Wales, constitutional and administrative law, and EU law. The SRA assessment specification breaks Legal System into 6 topics, each examined through single-best-answer (SBA) questions in the FLK1 paper.
Legal System sits in FLK1. Both FLK1 papers are 180 single-best-answer questions in two 2h 5m sittings on the same day.
6. Our notes, flashcards, and question bank are mapped one-to-one against the SRA's LS specification so nothing is missed.
Most candidates allocate roughly 18–30 hours across notes, flashcards, and timed practice. The exact split depends on your background — re-sitters can usually focus on weak topics rather than re-reading.
Active recall beats re-reading. Read the notes once, then practise SBA questions in mixed order, then revisit weak topics. Our weak-area tracker surfaces the topics where your accuracy is below 70%.
Yes. The free readiness quiz includes a sample from every subject, and free accounts can access sample questions across all subjects. The full LS question bank is unlocked with a one-time lifetime purchase and is covered by the 14-day money-back guarantee.
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SQE1 Prep is an independent study platform and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or connected to the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) or Kaplan, the official SQE assessment provider. “SQE” refers to the examination our materials help you prepare for. All questions, flashcards and notes are original works based on the published assessment specification — they are not real SQE exam questions. Content is provided for educational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice, and no exam result is guaranteed.

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